PETROGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF FINISHING MATERIALS OF BUILDINGS OF CULTURAL HERITAGE OF SEVASTOPOL OF POST-WAR CONSTRUCTION 40 - 50S OF THE XX CENTURY
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Abstract
Abstract. this article is devoted to the identification of materials and the study of the composition of mortars used in the decoration of the facades of residential buildings that are cultural heritage objects and identified cultural heritage objects to be restored according to a major renovation plan, st. Bolshaya Morskaya and pl. Lazarev in the city of Sevastopol.
Subject of research: mortars used for finishing the facades of residential buildings that are cultural heritage sites and identified cultural heritage sites subject to restoration according to the plan of major overhaul of st. Bolshaya Morskaya and pl. Lazarev in the city of Sevastopol.
Materials and methods: 21 samples of materials (solutions and natural stone) used for finishing the facades of buildings located on the street were taken for research. Bolshaya Morskaya (houses No. 14, 15, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 25), as well as buildings on the street. Generala Petrova, 1 and descent Shestakova, 1. For the study of the taken samples of solutions, a set of instrumental research methods was adopted, including microscopic, pycnometric, granulometric, differential thermal and thermogravimetric analyzes (DTA and TGA). Preparation of samples of facade finishing materials for testing included mechanical separation of the paint layer and drying them in a drying cabinet to constant weight. Instrumental research was preceded by a detailed visual examination of the material, detailed characteristics were made in terms of color parameters, structure, surface condition, density, and the mass and moisture content of the samples were determined according to GOST 5802-86. The material was photographed.
Results: as a result of visual and microscopic examination of samples of materials for finishing houses on the street. Bolshaya Morskaya in the city of Sevastopol revealed that both building solutions and natural stone materials were used for the construction of the facades. It was found that various mineral binders were used for the manufacture of mortars: lime and Portland cement, including slag Portland cement, and gypsum. A number of solutions are made on mixed - cement-lime and cement-gypsum binders. The compositions of the mixed cement-lime binders, determined on the test samples, are different and differ even within the same building. The filler in solutions in its composition, the degree of roundness of the grains is very similar to the sea sand of the beaches of the bays and the sea coast near the city of Sevastopol.
Conclusions: studies of solutions for finishing the facades of buildings to be restored according to the plan of major repairs, on the street. Bolshaya Morskaya, Descent of Shestakov and General Petrov of the city of Sevastopol and it was found that both plaster and putty solutions and slabs of natural limestone were used for finishing. A comprehensive analysis of finishing mortars showed that the type and composition of mortars can differ significantly even within the same building, because used various mineral binders (lime, Portland cement, including slag Portland cement, gypsum). Most of all, the composition of solutions based on a mixed cement-lime binder fluctuates.
Keywords: restoration; finishing; solutions; mixed astringent.
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References
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